The TORRO scale is a measuring scale for tornadoes, similar to that of the fujita scale and the enhanced fujita scale. Like the (enhanced) fujita scale, it has ratings which measure how severe and strong a tornado was. The intensity goes from FC, which is simply a funnel cloud, to T11, which causes extreme damage and is equivalent to an F5/EF5.
TORRO Scaling[]
Scale | Estimated wind speed | Potential damage | |
mph | km/h | ||
FC | 0 - 38 | 0 - 60 | "FC" stands for Funnel Cloud. FC causes no damage at all, other than maybe to very tall towers, balloons, or aircraft. If a funnel cloud is formed, but a tornado does not reach the ground, it receives an "FC" rating. |
T0 | 39 - 54 | 61 - 86 | Light damage. Loose light litter raised from ground-level in spirals. Tents, marquees are severely disturbed. Twigs snapped. Minor roof damage possible. |
T1 | 55 - 72 | 87 - 115 | Mild damages. Deckchairs, small plants and heavy litter become airborne, minor damages to sheds. Roof tiles dislodged, and wooden fences flattened. Slight damage to hedges and trees. |
T2 | 73 - 92 | 116 - 147 | Moderate damage. Heavy mobile homes displaced, light caravans blown over, garden sheds destroyed, garage roofs torn away, much damage to tiled roofs and chimney stacks. General damages to trees, small trees uprooted. |
T3 | 93 - 114 | 148 - 184 | Strong damage. Mobile homes overturned and or badly damaged, light caravans destroyed, garages and weak outbuildings destroyed, house roofs considerably exposed. Some of the more bigger trees snapped or uprooted. |
T4 | 115 - 136 | 185 - 220 | Serious damage. Cars levitated. Mobile homes airbone and or destroyed, sheds airborne for considerable distances, entire roofs removed off of some homes, roof timbers of strong brick or stone houses completely exposed, and numerous trees are uprooted or snapped. |
T5 | 137 - 160 | 221 - 259 | Insane damage. Trucks and heavy cars levitated, more serious building damages, and very weak/old buildings may entirely collapse. |
T6 | 161 - 186 | 260 - 299 | Moderately devastating damage. Strongly built homes lose entire roofs and perhaps even walls, windows broken on skyscrapers, few old buildings may collapse. |
T7 | 187 - 212 | 300 - 342 | Strongly devastating damage. Wooden-frame houses demolished, some walls of stone or brick houses beaten down or collapse, skyscrapers twisted, steel-framed warehouse type constructions might buckle slightly. Locomotives thrown over. |
T8 | 213 - 240 | 343 - 385 | Severely devastating damage. Cars hurled at great distances. Wooden-framed houses and their contents dispersed over long distances, stone or brick houses irreparably damaged, strong damage to skyscrapers. |
T9 | 241 - 269 | 386 - 432 | Unbelievable damage. Many steel-framed buildings badly damaged; skyscrapers toppled; locomotives or trains hurled some distances. Complete debarking of any standing tree-trunks. |
T10 | 270 - 299 | 433 - 482 | Extreme damage. Entire frame houses and similar buildings lifted bodily or completely from foundations and carried a long or large distance to disintegrate. Steel-reinforced concrete buildings may be severely damaged or almost obliterated. |
T11 | >300 | >483 | Catastrophic damage. Strong framed, well built houses leveled off foundations and swept away. Steel-reinforced concrete structures are critically damaged. Tall buildings collapse or have severe structural deformations. Some cars, trucks and train cars can be thrown approximately 1 mile (1.6 kilometres). |